ELISA試劑盒實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全防護(hù)的四道防線

<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗(yàn)室因?yàn)槠湟?guī)劃、修建布局、周圍環(huán)境、內(nèi)部切割及通風(fēng)條件等的不一樣而有不一樣的室內(nèi)小氣候。室內(nèi)小氣候的好壞、好壞，對(duì)試驗(yàn)室作業(yè)人員的身體健康有很大的影響。試驗(yàn)室也因?yàn)樘幚砗蜋z查的標(biāo)本不一樣、檢查目的和方法不一樣，其藏匿的具有潛在傳染才能的微生物的品種、數(shù)量和存在方式亦不一樣。不一樣于研究型試驗(yàn)室的標(biāo)本中或生物材猜中也許帶著的潛在病原微生物往往是不知道而多樣的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">因?yàn)樵囼?yàn)室的標(biāo)本來(lái)自不一樣的病人，其傳染性和只病性也是不知道的，一起，試驗(yàn)室生物安全系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的不平衡，所以試驗(yàn)室安全水平的準(zhǔn)確劃分和恰當(dāng)使用也對(duì)比艱難。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">生物安全問(wèn)題往往是因?yàn)橐恍┘?xì)節(jié)疏忽而導(dǎo)致的，所以建立完善的試驗(yàn)室生物安全辦理規(guī)章制度、生物安全操作規(guī)程</font>,<font face="宋體">并在實(shí)踐作業(yè)中采取辦法嚴(yán)保履行</font><font face="Calibri">,</font><font face="宋體">加強(qiáng)試驗(yàn)室作業(yè)人員的訓(xùn)練、一起重視試驗(yàn)室作業(yè)人員的身體健康、制定試驗(yàn)室發(fā)作獲得性傳染時(shí)的應(yīng)急預(yù)案勢(shì)在必行。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗(yàn)室依據(jù)運(yùn)用的一級(jí)和二級(jí)的防護(hù)屏障的不一樣，實(shí)驗(yàn)室生物安全防護(hù)水平分為四級(jí)，防護(hù)水平由低到高擺放即：一級(jí)生物安全水平（</font>BSL-1<font face="宋體">）、二級(jí)生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-2</font><font face="宋體">）、三級(jí)生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">）和四級(jí)生物安全水平（</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">）。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">所謂一級(jí)防護(hù)屏障是指生物安全柜和自己防護(hù)裝備等構(gòu)成的防護(hù)屏障，二級(jí)防護(hù)屏障則是指實(shí)驗(yàn)室的設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)和通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)等構(gòu)成的防護(hù)屏障。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗(yàn)室安全防護(hù)都是依據(jù)保證處理特定感染病原體時(shí)的工作人員和環(huán)境的安全而進(jìn)行計(jì)劃的。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">：一級(jí)生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-1<font face="宋體">是圍護(hù)屏障水陡峭生物安全等級(jí)最低的生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室，在該等級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行的操作都是在室內(nèi)打開(kāi)空間進(jìn)行的，所以，在其間活動(dòng)所觸及的生物因子應(yīng)是已知不致使健康成人感染的微生物。但是，應(yīng)留心這些微生物或許有或許致使孩童、白叟或免疫患者的機(jī)遇感染。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">：二級(jí)生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-2<font face="宋體">首要用于處理中度危險(xiǎn)的病原體，如沙門氏菌屬和乙型肝炎病毒等。這些病原體或許通過(guò)意外的經(jīng)口攝入或經(jīng)皮膚、黏膜顯露而感染。在遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作程序的情況下，這些病原體的處理可在打開(kāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行。但是，如預(yù)期有發(fā)作噴濺或可發(fā)作氣溶膠時(shí)應(yīng)運(yùn)用生物安全柜等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">：三級(jí)生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-3<font face="宋體">是為應(yīng)對(duì)首要通過(guò)氣溶膠傳達(dá)的病原微生物如結(jié)核分支桿菌等的實(shí)驗(yàn)室操作而計(jì)劃的。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-3</font><font face="宋體">有嚴(yán)格的操作規(guī)程和程序，運(yùn)用一級(jí)和二級(jí)防護(hù)屏障，一同對(duì)于比方通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)都有特其他懇求。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">：四級(jí)生物安全水平</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">BSL-4<font face="宋體">用于可致使喪身疾病的病原體的處理和實(shí)驗(yàn)操作，這些病原體或許通過(guò)氣溶膠傳達(dá)的或許沒(méi)有有用的疫苗避免或沒(méi)有有用的治療辦法。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實(shí)驗(yàn)室的實(shí)驗(yàn)操作一般地應(yīng)在三級(jí)生物安全柜內(nèi)進(jìn)行，或由身著正壓防護(hù)服的工作人員進(jìn)行操作處理。</font><font face="Calibri">BSL-4</font><font face="宋體">實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)是完全獨(dú)立的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，其通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和廢物處理亦應(yīng)完全獨(dú)立。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">ELISA<font face="宋體">試劑盒</font></span></strong><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">試驗(yàn)室在作業(yè)過(guò)程中也許造成試驗(yàn)室環(huán)境的污染，如離心、混勻、接種、制片、移液、加樣等可發(fā)作氣溶膠污染，標(biāo)本噴濺等可直接污染肌膚黏膜及試驗(yàn)臺(tái)面和地上等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">別的，因?yàn)槭覂?nèi)環(huán)境空間的約束，設(shè)備、人員擁堵以及通風(fēng)換氣不充分等都也許使試驗(yàn)室內(nèi)病原體的濃度添加，使人群在室內(nèi)被污染的時(shí)機(jī)顯著大于室外。別的，嚙齒動(dòng)物、昆蟲(chóng)等也都可帶著傳播微生物病原體，給試驗(yàn)室作業(yè)人員健康帶來(lái)要挾。</span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:9.0000pt;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>