腫瘤標(biāo)志物與ELISA檢測(cè)
<p> <font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">是一種經(jīng)典的免疫分析技術(shù),通過(guò)抗體與抗原的特異性結(jié)合,來(lái)測(cè)量生物樣本中的目標(biāo)分子(如蛋白質(zhì)、抗體等)。該技術(shù)的核心優(yōu)勢(shì)在于特異性強(qiáng)、靈敏度高、操作相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)便、適合大規(guī)模分析且成本效益好。由于商業(yè)化發(fā)展成熟,市面上有大量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的<a href="http://www.qdhaiyan.cn/">elisa試劑盒</a>可供選擇,它們通常無(wú)需昂貴的儀器,并能在一定程度上簡(jiǎn)化樣本的預(yù)處理。正是憑借其高選擇性和高靈敏度,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">非常適合從血液等復(fù)雜生物基質(zhì)中檢測(cè)特定成分。例如,許多癌癥生物標(biāo)志物就可以通過(guò)血液樣本進(jìn)行檢測(cè),因此,</font><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 10.5pt;">ELISA</font><font face="宋體" style="font-family: 宋體; font-size: 10.5pt;">已成為一種重要的非侵入性或微創(chuàng)檢測(cè)手段,用于定量分析這些標(biāo)志物并輔助疾病監(jiān)測(cè)。</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <img src="/images/upload/Image/4(7).png" width="500" height="375" alt="上海酶聯(lián)生物elisa試劑盒" /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋體">什么是腫瘤標(biāo)志物?</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">腫瘤標(biāo)志物是指癌細(xì)胞或體內(nèi)其他細(xì)胞中存在或產(chǎn)生的任何物質(zhì),可用于判斷癌癥或某些良性(非癌癥)疾病。它提供有關(guān)癌癥的信息,例如癌癥的侵襲性、是否需要靶向治療或是否對(duì)治療有反應(yīng)等。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">傳統(tǒng)上,腫瘤標(biāo)志物是由正常細(xì)胞和癌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的蛋白質(zhì)或其他物質(zhì),但癌細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的量更大。這些物質(zhì)可存在于某些癌癥患者的血液、尿液、糞便、腫瘤或其他組織或體液中。然而,越來(lái)越多的基因組標(biāo)志物(例如腫瘤基因突變、腫瘤基因表達(dá)模式以及腫瘤</font><font face="Calibri">DNA</font><font face="宋體">的非遺傳性改變)被用作腫瘤標(biāo)志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">目前已鑒定出多種不同的腫瘤標(biāo)志物并應(yīng)用于臨床。有些僅與一種癌癥相關(guān),而另一些則與多種不同類型的癌癥相關(guān)。目前尚無(wú)一種</font><font face="宋體">“通用”腫瘤標(biāo)志物可以指示所有類型的癌癥。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">癌癥治療中使用的腫瘤標(biāo)志物主要有兩種類型,分別用于不同的目的:循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物和腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物可存在于部分癌癥患者的血液、尿液、糞便或其他體液中。循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物用于:評(píng)估預(yù)后,即檢測(cè)治療后殘留的癌癥(殘留病灶)或復(fù)發(fā)的癌癥;評(píng)估治療反應(yīng);以及監(jiān)測(cè)癌癥是否對(duì)治療產(chǎn)生耐藥性。雖然循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平升高可能提示存在癌癥,但僅憑這些指標(biāo)不足以診斷癌癥。例如,非癌性疾病有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致某些腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平升高。此外,并非所有癌癥患者的腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平都會(huì)升高。因此,循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物的檢測(cè)通常與其他檢測(cè)結(jié)果(例如活檢或影像學(xué)檢查)相結(jié)合,以診斷癌癥。在癌癥治療期間也可以定期檢測(cè)腫瘤標(biāo)志物。例如,循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物水平下降可能提示癌癥對(duì)治療有反應(yīng),而水平升高或保持不變則可能提示癌癥對(duì)治療無(wú)反應(yīng)。循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物還可以檢測(cè)治療結(jié)束后的復(fù)發(fā)(癌癥復(fù)發(fā))。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">常用的循環(huán)腫瘤標(biāo)志物包括降鈣素(在血液中測(cè)量),用于評(píng)估治療反應(yīng)、篩查復(fù)發(fā)和估計(jì)髓樣甲狀腺癌的預(yù)后;</font><font face="Calibri">CA-125</font><font face="宋體">(在血液中測(cè)量),用于監(jiān)測(cè)癌癥治療的有效性和卵巢癌是否復(fù)發(fā);β</font><font face="Calibri">-2-</font><font face="宋體">微球蛋白(在血液、尿液或腦脊液中測(cè)量),用于評(píng)估多發(fā)性骨髓瘤、慢性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病和某些淋巴瘤的預(yù)后和治療反應(yīng)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <strong><font face="宋體">腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物</font></strong></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> <font face="宋體">腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物存在于實(shí)際腫瘤中,通常存在于活檢過(guò)程中取出的腫瘤樣本中。腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物用于:癌癥的診斷、分期和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋體">或分類;預(yù)后評(píng)估;選擇合適的治療方法(例如靶向治療)。在某些類型的癌癥中,腫瘤標(biāo)志物的水平反映了疾病的分期(程度)和</font><font face="Calibri">/</font><font face="宋體">或患者的預(yù)后(可能的結(jié)果或病程)。例如,在血液中測(cè)量甲胎蛋白,可以評(píng)估生殖細(xì)胞腫瘤的分期、預(yù)后評(píng)估和追蹤治療反應(yīng)。一些腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物是特定靶向治療的靶點(diǎn)。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">常用的腫瘤組織標(biāo)志物包括雌激素受體和孕激素受體(乳腺癌),用于確定激素治療和一些靶向治療是否合適;</font><font face="Calibri">EGFR</font><font face="宋體">基因突變分析(非小細(xì)胞肺癌),用于幫助確定治療方法和估計(jì)預(yù)后;以及</font><font face="Calibri">PD-L1</font><font face="宋體">(在許多癌癥類型中),用于確定稱為免疫檢查點(diǎn)抑制劑的靶向治療是否合適。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0000pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><font face="宋體">上述腫瘤標(biāo)志物均可通過(guò)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">)檢測(cè),并在腫瘤診斷和治療中發(fā)揮著重要作用。</font><font face="Calibri">ELISA</font><font face="宋體">作為一種常用的癌癥生物標(biāo)志物檢測(cè)方法,具有較高的靈敏度和特異性,為癌癥的早期診斷和治療提供了強(qiáng)有力的支持。未來(lái),隨著生物技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,相信會(huì)有更多新技術(shù)得到應(yīng)用,進(jìn)一步提高癌癥標(biāo)志物檢測(cè)的準(zhǔn)確性和全面性。</font></span><span style="mso-spacerun:'yes';font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:10.5000pt; mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>